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Cylindrical gears are a common type of gear.
2025-07-24
The gears have straight teeth that are parallel to the wheel’s axis. Cylindrical gears are a common type of gear. Spur gears offer the advantages of simple design, cost-effective manufacturing and maintenance, and the absence of end thrust. Instead, they impose radial loads on the bearings. These gears are referred to as slow-speed gears. If noise isn’t a critical design concern, these gears can also be used at higher speeds.
These gears are typically classified as high-speed gears. Compared to spur gears of similar size, helical gears can handle heavier loads. Additionally, the motion of helical gears is smoother and quieter than that of spur gears. A single helical gear imposes both radial and thrust loads on its bearings, which is why thrust bearings are necessary. Importantly, the helix angles of the gear and pinion must be identical in magnitude but opposite in direction—meaning a right-handed pinion will mesh with a left-handed gear. When two shafts intersect yet remain coplanar, they are connected via gears known as bevel gears.
This arrangement is known as a helical gear transmission system. Straight-tooth bevel gears can be mounted on shafts at any angle, though right angles are the most common. Bevel gears feature a conical blank, and both the tooth thickness and tooth height of straight-tooth bevel gears are shaped in a conical form. A rack, on the other hand, is essentially a gear or bar that can be thought of as a sector-shaped gear with an infinite radius of curvature. By meshing the rack with a pinion, torque can be converted into linear force: as the pinion rotates, the rack moves linearly along a straight path. This mechanism is widely used in automobiles to translate the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the lateral movement of the tie rods. Additionally, racks are governed by gear geometry principles, which allow, for instance, the design of gear profiles that can be interchanged across different rack-and-pinion systems—enabling the creation of gears tailored to specific practical radii. Rack-and-pinion arrangements are also employed in rack railways.
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