Focused on high-precision gear manufacturing, dedicated to advancing the transmission industry.
CNC lathe machining of high-precision spur gears
2025-06-25
1. Positioning Standards
The selection of gear positioning references typically varies depending on the gear's structural shape. This shaft-mounted gear is primarily used for top positioning, and when the bore diameter is large, the taper becomes obstructed. Top positioning offers high accuracy, allowing for a unified reference point. When machining the gear surface, spur gears usually employ one of two common positioning and clamping methods.
(1) Positioning by using the inner bore and end face will soon
The inner bore and the end face of the workpiece are jointly used for positioning to determine the gear’s center and axial location, with a clamping method applied directly against the positioned end face. This approach ensures that the positioning reference, design datum, assembly reference, and measurement reference coincide, resulting in high positioning accuracy and making it well-suited for mass production. However, it places stringent demands on the manufacturing of precision fixtures.
(2) Positioning of the Outer Circle and End Face
The clearance between the workpiece and the clamping mandrel is relatively large. To accurately determine the center position, an outside micrometer is used to align the outer circle, while simultaneously positioning the end face. Clamping is then performed from the opposite end face. This method requires individual calibration for each workpiece, making it less efficient for mass production. However, it does demand high coaxiality between the inner and outer circles of the blank, though it doesn’t necessitate extremely precise fixtures—thus making it well-suited for single-piece and small-batch manufacturing.
2. Machining of gear blanks
Rough machining of gear tooth surfaces before final processing plays a critical role throughout the entire gear-manufacturing process. This is because, at this stage, the reference surfaces required for both tooth surface machining and inspection must be accurately established. Regardless of whether production efficiency is improved or gear quality is enhanced, meticulous attention to the machining of the gear blank remains essential.
When it comes to the technical requirements for gears, attention should be paid to the dimensional accuracy of the addendum circle. Since tooth thickness is measured based on the addendum circle, any insufficient precision in the addendum circle will inevitably lead to inaccurate tooth thickness measurements.
Therefore, the following three issues should be noted during this process:
(1) When using the diameter of the tip circle as a measurement reference, the dimensional accuracy of the tip circle must be strictly controlled.
(2) Ensure the perpendicularity of the locating end face to the locating hole or outer circle.
(3) Enhance the manufacturing precision of the gear bore and minimize the clearance between the gear bore and the fixture mandrel.
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